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tsukiji  type  foundry,  japan. 


AN 


ITINERARY  OF  HOKKAIDO, 

JAPAN. 


BY  THE 

REV,  JOHN  BATCHELOR. 


Compiler  of ‘An  Ainu- English- Japanese  Dictionary' 
Author  of  ‘An  Ainu  Grammar'  Transliterator  of  the 
‘Nippon  Seikokai  Kit  oh  an,'  Author  of  ‘ Specimens 
of  Ainu  Folklore ,’  ‘ Notes  on  the  Ainu’ 

‘ The  Ainu  of  Japan,'  etc.,  etc. 


PRESENTED  BY 


THE  HAKODATE  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE  TO 
VISITORS  OF  THE  COLUMBIAN  EXHIBITION 
HELD  AT  CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A.  IN  1893. 


TOKYO: 

PRINTED  AT  THE  TOKY'O  TSUKIJI  TYPE  FOUNDRY, 
1893. 


• •>  , 

- 


' 


PBEFACE. 


HE  production  of  this  little  book  was  not  a self- 


-i-  imposed  task,  but  was  undertaken  at  the  special 
request  of  the  Hokkaido  Chamber  of  Commecre.  This 
fact  will,  it  is  hoped,  be  taken  as  an  apology  for  its 
appearance.  When  honoured  with  the  invitation  to  write 
a work  on  Hokkaido,  I confess  that  I felt  some  diffidence 
in  undertaking  the  task,  especially  when  I learned  that  it 
was  to  be  given  to  those  visitors  of  the  “ World’s  Fair  ” 
who  should  inspect  the  Hokkaido  section  of  that  grand 
exhibition,  but  more  particularly  as  my  first  and  chief 
duties  have  to  do  with  Missionary  work  among  the  Ainus 
and  not  with  book-making  for  English  readers.  But  when 
I found  that  the  work  required  of  me  consisted  for  the 
most  part  in  arranging,  condensing,  and  copying  notes  I 
already  had  in  manuscript,  thus  involving  but  a trifle  of 
my  time,  I considered  it  to  be  my  duty  not  to  lightly  set 
aside  a request  issuing  from  so  important  a body  of 
gentlemen  as  the  Hakodate  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
Hence  the  appearance  of  the  work.  The  instructions  given 
me  by  that  body  consisted  merely  in  two  things  ; first,  to 
give  a brief  geographical  outline  of  Hokkaido,  and  secondly, 
to  write  a short  itinerary  for  the  use  of  intending  visitors 
to  this  part  of  Japan.  In  every  case  therefore  I have 
endeavoured  to  be  as  concise  as  clearness  and  justice  to 
the  subject  would  permit.  My  best  thanks  are  due  to  the 
officers  of  the  Do-cho  for  the  assistance  kindly  rendered 


11 

me  in  the  matter  of  statistics ; to  Dr.  Miyabe  for  his 
kindness  m assisting  me  in  the  matter  of  flora,  and  to 
Mr.  Kodera  for  kindly  helping-  me  in  the  subject  of 
zoology.  1 he  Hakodate  Chamber  of  Commerce,  however, 
is  in  no  way  responsible  for  any  of  the  shortcomings  of 
this  work  : they  are  my  own  entirely. 


JOHN  BATCHELOR. 

Satporo,  January  1893. 


AN 


ITINERARY  OF  HOKKAIDO, 

JAPAN. 

BY  THE  REV.  J.  BATCHELOR. 
SECTION  I. 

GENERAL  REMARKS  ON  HOKKAIDO. 

i. — Geography. 

The  Islands  of  Hokkaido,*  whose  productions  are  exhibited  in 
this  section  of  the  World’s  Fair,  form  the  northernmost  limits 
of  the  Empire  of  His  Imperial  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  the  “Land 
of  the  Rising  Sun.”  The  islands  consist  of  two  special  divisions, 
a greater  and  a lesser.  The  greater  division  comprises  one  large 
island  somewhat  resembling  a ray-fish  in  shape,  and  covers, 
according  to  the  latest  survey  returns,  an  area  of  some  34,875 
English  square  miles.  Until  within  quite  recent  times  this  very 
important  part  of  Japan  was  known  to  foreigners  by  the  name 
of  Yezo,f  which  designation  will,  for  the  sake  of  avoiding  any 
geographical  or  topographical  misunderstanding,  be  retained  in 
this  little  work  when  speaking  of  this  division  of  Hokkaido. 

In  the  south,  Yezo,  is  divided  from  the  main  island  of  Japan 
by  the  deep  Strait  of  Tsugaru,  forming  what  is  called  “Blakiston’s 
Line,”  from  the  name  of  the  late  Captain  T.  W.  Blakiston,  R.  A., 
whose  explorations  in  this  country  are  well  known,  having  been 
given  to  the  world  in  his  '“Yezo  in  Japan.”  This  Strait,  which 
has  a very  strong  current,  is  about  ten  sea-miles  across  at  its 
narrowest  part.  On  the  north,  Yezo  is  divided  from  Saghalien 
by  the  Strait  De  la  Perouse,  whose  width  is  said  to  be  about 
twenty-five  sea-miles.  On  the  west  it  is  bounded  by  the  Japan 

* Hokkaido  means  ft  Northern  Sea  Road.” 

f Yezo  is  probably  a corruption  of  the  Ainu  word  Eso  meaning  "game/'  or 
“ abounding  in  game." 


( 2 ) 


and  Tartar  Seas,  and  on  the  east  and  north-east  by  the  Pacific 
Ocean  and  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  The  limits  of  latitude  and  longitude 
are: — The  eastern  limit  E.  L.  1450  49'  30";  the  western  E.  L. 
1390  35”l  the  southern  limit  is  N.  L.  410  23'  10";  and  the  northern 
N.  L.  45°  3i". 


2. — History  of  Yezo. 

In  the  earliest  historical  records  of  Japan  there  is  no  mention 
made  of  Yezo,  but  later  on  we  find  that  all  the  land  north  of 
Sendai,  where  the  Ainus  or  aborigines  of  old  Japan  dwelt  even 
till  quite  within  historical  times,  had  that  name  applied  to  it. 
The  Ainus  themselves  were  called  Yezo-chi,  “ Men  of  Yezo,”  and 
the  country  in  which  they  lived,  in  whatever  part  of  Japan  it  may 
have  been,  was  designated  Yezo-chi  and  Yezo,  i.e.  ‘‘The  land  of 
Yezo.”  More  recently,  however,  the  Yezo-jin  having  been 
gradually  driven  north-ward,  they  left  the  Mainland  of  Japan 
altogether  and  crossed  to  Hokkaido ; and  these  islands  then  had 
the  name  Yezo  specially  applied  to  them  by  the  Japanese  people. 
In  later  years,  the  Japanese  still  successfully  carrying  on  the 
conquest  of  this  race,  Yezo  was  in  the  year  1604,  after  having 
been  partly  conquered  and  colonized  by  Takeda  Nobuhiru, 
delivered  over  to  Matsumae  Yoshihiro  by  Tokugawa  Ieyasu. 
Murray’s  Hand-book  for  Japan  says  : — “ Matsumae’s  successors, 
whose  seat  of  Government  was  at  the  town  of  Matsumae,  recently 
renamed  Fukuyama,  continued  to  rule  over  the  W.  portion  of  the 
island  down  to  1868.  From  toward  the  end  of  the  18th  century, 
the  eastern  half  had,  with  the  exception  of  a break  from  1820  to 
1854,  been  administered  by  officials  of  the  Shogupate.  After  the 
overthrow  of  the  Tokugawa  family  and  the  consequent  mediatiza- 
tion  of  the  Daimyos,  Yezo  was  placed  under  a special  Department, 
entitled  Kaitakushi  (Colonization  Commission),  created  ad  hoc. 
and  henceforth  was  regarded  as  a part  of  Japan  proper.  It 
received  the  designation  of  Hokkaido,  or  “Circuit  of  the  Northern 
Sea,”  and  was  divided  into  nine*  provinces,  in  order  to  assimilate 
it  more  closely  to  the  rest  of  the  Empire. 

* The  number  of  provinces  into  which  Yezo  was  divided  was  n t nine,  as  Murray  says 
but  ten. 


( 3 ) 


Hokkaido  is  now,  however,  divided  into  eleven  provinces, 
namely,  Oshima;  Shiribeshi;  Ishikari;  Teshio ; Kitami ; Iburi ; 
Hitaka;  Tokachi;  Kushiro;  Nernuro;  and  the  Kurile  Islands, 
now  called  Chishima.  “ Yezo  had  been  formerly  resorted  to,” 
again  says  Murray,  “ by  the  Northern  Japanese  chiefly  for  the 
sake  of  the  fisheries;  but  attempts  were  now  made  to  induce  the 
natives  of  other  parts  of  Japan  to  migrate  thither  as  agricultural 
settlers,  and  with  the  aid  of  a number  of  Americans,  headed  by 
General  Capron,  public  works  were  commenced  on  an  extensive 
scale  with  the  object  of  developing  the  resources  of  the  island 

The  Kaitakushi  was  dissolved  and  the  government  of 

the  island  assimilated  to  the  prefectural  system  of  the  rest  of  the 
Empire.” 

With  regard  to  the  attempts  made  to  colonize  this  part  of  Japan 
here  referred  to  by  Murray,  it  may  be  remarked  that,  while  in  the 
year  1874  there  were  but  144,069  persons  in  Hokkaido,  including 
the  Ainus,  in  the  year  1891  there  were  389,749  Japanese  there  as 
well  as  16,765  Ainus,  thus  making  a total  of  406,514  persons;  and 
these  are  yearly  increasing.  The  present  Capital  of  Hokkaido  is 
Satporo,  founded  in  the  year  r87o;  and  the  chief  ports  of  Yezo 
are: — Hakodate;  Moruran ; Kushiro;  Akkeshi;  and  Nemoro,  on 
the  S.  E.  coast,  and  Otaru,  twenty-two  English  miles  by  rail  from 
Satporo,  on  the  west. 

3. — Chishima. 

The  other  or  lesser  division  of  Hokkaido  comprises  that  group 
or  chain  of  islands  which  lie  to  the  N.  E.  of  Yezo,  known  as  the 
“ Kuriles,”  the  largest  of  which  are  Kunashiri,  Etorop,  and  Para- 
moshiri.  This  group  was  formerly  Russian  territory,  but  was  ceded 
to  Japan  in  the  year  1876  in  exchange  for  Saghalien.  All  these 
islands  have  not  yet  been  surveyed,  but  their  total  area  is  estimated 
at  some  6,456  square  miles.  The  name  of  this  group  is  now 
Chishima,  which  designation  will  always  be  applied  to  them  is  this 
work  when  speaking  of  them  as  a whole. 

4. — Other  Islands. 

Besides  these  two  main  divisions  of  Hokkaido,  there  are  a 
number  of  islands  about  the  coast  of  Yezo,  but  these,  with  the  ex- 


( 4 ) 


ception  perhaps  of  Okushiri,  which  lies  off  the  west  coast  to  the 
north  of  Esashi,  call  for  no  special  remark.  Okushiri  is  an  in- 
teresting island  because  it  is  the  only  district  in  the  Japanese 
Empire  where  strong  drink  is  prohibited.  It  is  about  fourteen 
miles  is  length  by  seven  broad  at  its  widest  part.  The  population, 
which  lives  by  fishing,  numbered  in  1892,  two  hundred  and  nine 
persons.  Three  policemen  are  kept  on  the  island  and  in  the  year 
1891  there  were  three  arrests:  one  for  each  police-man!  The 
total  area  therefore  of  that  part  of  Japan  now  called  Hokkaido, 
may,  according  to  the  very  latest  survey  returns,  be  computed  at 
43,360  square  miles. 

5. — Physical  Features  of  Hokkaido;  Volcanoes. 

Hokkaido  may  be  said  to  be  a very  nest  of  active  and  dormant 
volcanoes.  In  Yezo  itself  there  are  no  less  than  eighteen ; in  the 
three  islands  of  Kunashiri,  Etorop,  and  Shikotan  of  the  Chishima 
group  there  are  fourteen ; while  in  the  other  islands  of  Chishima 
there  are  supposed  to  be  thirty,  thus  making  a total  of  sixty-two. 
From  this  we  would  be  naturally  led  to  suppose  that  of  all  places 
in  the  world  Hokkaido  would  surely  be  the  greatest  for  earth- 
quakes. But  such  however  is  by  no  means  the  case;  earth-quakes 
are  neither  so  frequent  nor  severe  here  as  they  are  in  other  parts 
of  Japan. 

6. — Mountains. 

Like  every  other  part  of  the  Empire,  Hokkaido  is  distinctively 
mountainous,  and  as  is  the  case  with  all  countries  of  this  descrip- 
tion, has  consequently  many  beautiful  and  picturesque  peeps  of 
scenery  about  it,  which  are  well  worth  a visit.  But  while  it  is  very 
mountainous  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  it  has  no  plains  or  flat 
land  about  it.  The  open  plain  alone  is  estimated  at  1,231,701,134 
tsubos  (1  tsubo=6  sq.  fit.).  Nor  do  the  mountain  ranges  attain  to 
the  altitude  of  those  in  the  Main  Island  of  Japan.  The  three 
highest  peaks  in  Yezo  are: — Nutapka-ushbe  of  about  7,300  ft.; 
Optateshke  about  6,50  s ft. ; and  Yupari  about  6,540  ft.  high.  The 
quiescent  volcano  hitherto  improperly  called  Shiribeshi-yama  by 
the  Japanese,  but  whose  real  name  is  Makkarip-nupuri,  is  spoken 
of  in  Japanese  books  as  the  Fuji-no-yama  of  the  north.  And 


( 5 ) 


indeed,  seen  from  a distance,  towering  as  it  does  above  its  fellows, 
it  really  forcibly  reminds  one  of  that  beautiful  peak,  for  in  shape 
it  very  much  resembles  it.  But  in  actual  height  it  is  not  quite 
half  that  of  Fuji,  it  being  little  more  than  6,400  ft.  high.  From 
the  top  of  this  mountain  a fine  and  peculiarly  wild  view  of  the 
surrounding  country  may  be  had,  but  the  ascent  is  very  difficult, 
there  being  no  path-way. 

7. — Arable  Lands. 

Nor  again  must  it  be  supposed  that  because  a great  deal  of 
Hokkaido  is  of  volcanic  origin  and  mountainous  that  arable  land 
is  scarce  and  the  soil  poor;  or  because  the  winter  is  long  and 
cold  and  the  summer  said  to  be  short  that  the  land  is  useless  and 
unproductive.  The  country  is  covered  all  the  summer  with 
luxuriant  vegetation  and  the  mountains  are  well  clothed  with  fine 
timber.  The  woodlands,  abounding  in  timber,  are  estimated  at 
665,229,710  isubos.  There  are  1,173,065,452  tsubos  well  covered 
with  grass  and  fit  for  pasturage.  There  are  41,453,  cho  under 
actual  cultivation  (1  cho=T,, 000  tsubos  or  108,000  sq.  fit.);  while 
there  are  986,757,597  tsubos  suitable  for  direct  cultivation,  and 
other  276,142,274  isubos  arable  after  proper  drainage.  Wheat, 
barley,  rye,  oats,  and  millet,  and  many  varieties  of  vegetables 
thrive  well  in  Hokkaido,  as  do  also  apples,  pears,  plums,  currants, 
gooseberries,  strawberries  and  raspberries.  The  Satporo  apples 
and  pears  are  very  much  sought  after  in  other  parts  of  Japan,  and 
are  much  superior  to  those  imported  from  elsewhere. 


8. — Climate. 

It  is  true  indeed  that  some  people  find  Yezo  cold  in  winter, 
nevertheless,  it  is,  in  the  interior  at  least,  a dry,  crisp  and  healthy 
cold,  and  although ' the  land  is  from  four  to  five  months  under 
snow  the  summer  is  warm ; the  climate  is  in  fact  much  more 
bracing  than  that  of  any  other  part  of  Japan.  It  is  recommended 
by  medical  men  to  the  European  and  American  inhabitants  of 
Hongkong  and  other  parts  of  China,  as  well  as  to  the  foreign 
residents  of  Southern  Japan,  as  a good  health  resort.  The  present 


( 6 ) 


writer  can  himself  testify  to  the  bracing  qualities  of  Yezo  air,  for 
he  came  to  this  island  early  in  the  year  1877  on  account  of  ill 
health  and  has  found  the  climate  most  beneficial.  The  average 
seasonal  temperature  at  Satporo  for  the  years  1890-91  is  given 
at: — Spring  6.36.  C. ; Summer  18.58.  C. ; Autumn  10.2.  C. ; and 
Winter  4.16.  C.  This,  it  will  be  remarked,  shows  Hokkaido  to  be 
by  far  more  pleasant  than  disagreeable. 

9.  — Water. 

There  is  perhaps  no  country  better  watered  than  Yezo.  The 
rivers  and  brooklets  are  very  numerous,  and  there  are  also  quite  a 
number  of  beautiful  lakes  and  lakelets,  and,  especially  about  the 
coasts  of  Kitami  and  Tokachi,  some  pretty  extensive  swamps. 
The  rivers  vary  from  15  ii  (x  «= close  upon  2 y2  English  miles) 
to  96  ri  in  length,  and  number  no  less  than  thirty-three.  The 
wet  land  and  marsh  is  estimated  at  276,068,324  tsubos.  The 
country  also  abounds  in  mineral  waters  and  hot  springs.  Fish  of 
various  kinds  may  be  found  in  nearly  all  the  lakes  and  rivers,  and 
these,  together  with  water-fowl  of  various  descriptions  afford 
pleasant  diversion  and  plenty  of  exercise  to  the  sportsman. 
The  largest  lakes  in  Yezo  are : — Saruma  in  the  province  of 
Kitami,  Shikot  and  Toya  in  Iburi,  and  Kushiro-ko  in  the  province 
of  Kushiro.  Among  the  smaller  ones,  those  of  Akan  in  the 
province  of  Kushiro  and  Junsai-numa  at  the  foot  of  Koma-ga-take 
(about  three  hours  journey  from  Hakodate)  are  especially  worth 
visiting.  Without  further  mentioning  the  smaller  rivers,  the 
three  largest  are  the  Ishikari,  about  96  ?i  long;  the  Teshio  about 
74,  and  the  Tokachi  which  is  about  53  ri  in  length.  Some  very 
good  views  of  the  Ishikari  can  be  had  by  taking  a short  journey 
from  Satporo ; by  visiting  the  Horonai  coal  mine,  or  by  travelling 
by  rail  from  Moruran  to  Satporo  or  vice  versa.  The  average 
annual  rain-fall  at  Satporo  for  the  last  five  years  is  given  at 
1,029,4  mm. 

10.  — Flora. 

The  late  Captain  Blakiston,  and  others  after  him,  has  mentioned 
that  Yezo  belongs  to  a different  sub-region  from  the  other  parts  of 
the  Japanese  Empire.  Further  investigations  by  Japanese  gentle- 


( 7 ) 


men  on  the  spot  go  to  emphasize  the  truth  of  Blakiston’s  remarks 
on  this  subject.  I am  indebted  to  Dr.  Miyabe  of  the  Agricultural 
College,  Satporo,  for  the  following  list  of  some  of  the  trees, 
shrubs,  and  herbs  found  in  Hokkaido  but  which  have  not  yet  been 
discovered  in  the  main  islands  of  Japan. 


(a)  Trees. — Japanese  Name. 

Abies  sachalinensis,  Masters Todomatsu. 

Acer  Miyabei,  Maxim  Kurobi-iiaya. 

Crataegus  chlorosarca,  Maxim  Ezoo-sangashi. 

Larix  dahurica,  Turcz.  var.  japonica, 

Maxim Gui-matsu. 

Picea  ajanensis,  Fisch Ezo-mafsu. 

Picea  Glehni,  Masters  Aka-ezo-matsu. 

(b)  Shrubs. — 

Daphniphyllum  humibe,  Maxim  ...  Ezo-yuzuriha. 

Daphne  Yesoensis,  Maxim Nami-wazu. 

Lonicera  Maximowiczi,  Rupr Beni-bana  kyotanboku. 

Myrica  Gale,  L Ezo-yamamono. 

Ribes  laxiflorum,  Pursh Toga-suguri. 

Rhodedendron  parvifolium,  Ad.  ...  Ezo-murasaki-tsulsuji. 

(c)  Herbs. — 

Anemone  dichotoma,  L Aush-kina. 

Artemisia  sacrorum,  var.  latifolia, 

Ledeb Iwa-yvmogi. 

Cardamine  yezoensis,  Maxim  Ezo-wasabi, 

Clematis  fusca.  Turcz.  var.  yezoensis 

Miyabe  Kuro-ba?m  hansozuru. 

Lilium  dahuricum,  Gawl  Ezo-no-sukashi-yuri. 

Rubus  chamaemorus,  L Horovmi-ichigo. 

Stellaria  yezoensis,  Maxim  Ezo-fusuma. 

Viola  yezoensis,  Maxim Ezo-no-kosumire. 


All  the  ferns  with  the  exception  of  the  Aspidium  fragrans, 
Swartz,  that  have  been  found  growing  in  Yezo,  have  also  been 
found  in  Japan  proper.  This  fern,  it  will  be  remembered,  also 
grows  in  the  northern  parts  of  Asia,  in  Europe,  and  also  in  North 
America. 


( 8 ) 


Of  plants  which  have  showy  flowers,  and  which  would  most 
likely  attract  the  attention  of  travellers,  the  following  may  be 
worth  mentioning  in  this  place  to  save  again  returning  to  the 
subject  of  the  flora. 

1.  — Lilies.  Japanese  Name. 

Lilium  Glehni,  Fr.  Selim Uba-yuri. 

„ avenaceum,  Fisch  Kuruma-yuri. 

,,  Nansoni,  Baker  O -kuruma-yuri. 

2.  — The  black  lily. 

Fritillaria  kamtschatcensis,  Cawl  ...  Kuro-yuri. 

3.  — Day  lilies. 

Flemerocallis  Dumortieri,  Morr.  ...  Mime-kwanzd. 

„ Minor,  Mill Kisuge. 

4.  — Lily  of  the  valley. 

Convallaria  majalis,  L Suzuran  or  Kimikakeso. 


5 .  — Orchids 

Orchis  aristata,  Fisch  Hakusan-chidori. 

Calanthe  discolor,  Lindl Ebine. 

,,  tricarinata,  Lindl Sarmen-ebine. 

6.  — L adics-slippers. 

Cypripedium  Japonicum,  Th Kumagai-sd. 

„ macranthum,  Sw Atsumori-sd. 

„ guttatum,  Sw Kuhiro-atoumori. 


7.  — Roses. 

Rosa  rugosa,  Th 

,,  acicularis,  Lindl 

,,  multiflora,  Thunb.  var.  adeno- 
phoro,  Fr.  st.  Sav 

8 .  — Hydrangeas. 

Hydrangea  pansculata,  Sieb 

„ Hortensia,  &c.  var. 

acuminata,  a.  gray.  ... 
Also  the  climbing  Hydrangeas. 

Hydrangea  scandens,  Max 

Schizaphragma  hydrangeoides,  Sieb. 
et  Zucc 

9.  — Early  spring  flowers. 

Adonis  amurensis,  Regel  et  Radd.... 


Hamanasu. 

Takane-bara. 

Nobara. 

Nori-no-ki  or  Sobita. 

A mac  ha. 

Tstim-Azisai. 

Lzaagara/ni 

Fukuju-sd  or  Mansaku. 


( 9 ) 


Anemone  Raddeana,  Reg Urabeni-ichige-so. 

Lysichiton  kamschatcensis,  Schott...  Mizu-bashd. 

Glancidium  palmalum,  Sieb.  et  Zucc.  Shirane-aoi or  Yama-botan • 
Corydalis  ambigua,  Cham.  et 

Schlecht  Engosakit. 

Magnolia  kobus,  Dc.  and  others  ...  Robushi  or  Hikizakura. 

io. — Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas. 

Rhododendron  brachycarpum,  Don.  Shakunage. 

„ Parvifolium,  Ad.  ...  Ezo-murasaki-tsutsuji. 

„ chrysantherm,  Pall.  Kibana-shakunage. 

„ Albrechti,  Maxim...  Murasaki-yashio-tsutsuji. 

„ indicum,  Sweet,  var. 

koempferi,  Max.  Yama-tsutsuji. 

„ kamtschaticum,  Pall.  Ezo-tsutsuji. 


1 1 . — Plants  bearing  edible  berries. 
Actinidia  arguta,  Planch  

Fragaria  elalior,  Ehrh 


Kokuwa. 

C Shi robana-no-hebiichigo . 
I Ainu-Furep. 


Rubus  parvifolius,  L Nawa-shit o-ichigo. 

„ Idacus,  L.  var.  strigysus, 

Maxim Ezo-ichigo. 

„ phocnieolasius,  Max Urajiro-ichigo. 

„ occidentalis,  L.  var.  Japoni- 

cus  Migabe Rur o-ichigo. 

Ribes  petracum,  Blolf.  var.  tomento- 

sum  Max Ezo-suzuri. 

,,  rubrum,  L.  var.  bracteosum, 

Max.  and  others Tokaclii-suzuri. 


1 2 . — Plants  bearing  poisonous  berries. 

, ....  ..  ( Doku-utsugi  or  Kawara 

(a) — Coriaria  Japomca,  a.  Cray  ...<  . ° 

l utstlgl. 


This  is  a small  shrub  2 to  3 ft.  high  growing  usually  on  the 
gravelly  banks  of  rivers  and  streams,  with  opposite,  simple,  entire 
leaves,  and  with  elongated  clusters  of  fleshy  five-angled  red  berries, 
which  are  very  poisonous. 


(Id) — Lonicera  Morrowi,  a.  Gray 


( Futakorobi  ; Bushidama  ; 
( Futako-shiba. 


( IO  ) 


This  is  a shrub  4 to  6 ft.  high,  growing  chiefly  along  the  coasts 
of  the  provinces  of  Oshima;  Iburi ; Shiribeshi  and  Ishikari,  with 
leaves  which  are  simple,  opposite,  entire,  oblong  and  hairy,  and 
with  red  attractive  berries  of  about  the  size  of  a pea,  which  are 
always  borne  at  the  end  of  the  stalk  in  pairs.  A discretion  of 
these  poisonous  plants  is  here  given  as  a warning  to  travellers,  for 
a lady  who  visited  Yezo  once  ate  some  those  berries  and  suffered 
greatly  in  consequence. 


11. — Zoology. 

Not  only  do  differences  exist  between  the  Flora  of  Japan  proper 
and  Hokkaido,  but  there  are  also  found  zoological  differences. 
I am  indebted  to  Mr.  Iv.  Kodera  of  the  Satporo  Agricultural 
College  for  the  following  list  of  Mammalia  and  birds  peculiar  to 


Hokkaido. 

(a)  Mammalia. — Japanese  Name. 

Conis  familiaris  (Yessoana) Ainu-inu. 

,,  sp.:  (Black  fox)  Kuro- gits  line. 

Enhydris  marina,  Erxl  Rakko. 

Mustela  brachyura,  Gray  Ezo-ten. 

„ sp Ezo-itachi. 

Irichechus  rosmerus,  I Sei-uchi. 

Ursus  arctos,  L Aka-guma. 

„ maritimus,  Desm Shiro-guma. 

lamias  stratus,  L Shima-nezumi. 

(b)  Birds. — 

Acredula  caudata,  L Shima-enega. 

Bubo  blakistoni,  Sieb O-mimi-zuku. 

Oryocopus  martinus,  L Kuma-gera. 

Garrulus  brandti,  Everson Miyama-kakesu. 

Gecinus  canus,  Zin Yama-gera. 

Picus  minor,  L Seberia-kozera. 

Tetrastes  bonasianus,  L Ezo-raicho. 


( II  ) 

i2. — Minerals. 

It  is  no  uncommon  thing  to  hear  the  Japanese  call  Hokkaido 
the  Zeni-bako  (money-box)  of  Japan.  And  truly  there  are  many 
grounds  for  applying  such  a name  to  it,  both  because  of  its 
mineral  wealth  and  also  on  account  of  the  abundant  supply  of 
fish,  in  endless  varieties,  to  be  found  frequently  its  coasts.  The 
principal  useful  minerals  to  be  found  in  Hokkaido  are: — Coal  in 
rich  abundance,  Sulphur,  Silver,  Lead,  Copper,  Lime-stone,  Gold 
sand,  Magnetic  iron  and  Diatom  earth,  Clay  and  Petroleum. 
Coal  and  sulphur  are,  however,  the  only  minerals  worked.  Coal 
mines  have  been  opened  at  Poronai  (sixteen  ri  from  Satporo); 
Ikusumbetsu  (eighteen  ri  from  Satporo);  Ota-ush-nai  (close  to 
the  Sorachi  river);  Yubari  Hasutori  (on e ri  from  Kushiro) ; and 
at  Shiranuka  (seven  ri  West  of  Kushiro).  Sulphur  is  worked  at 
Atusa-nupuri  about  twenty-four  ri  north  of  Kushiro  town  ; Iwaw- 
nupuri  about  five  ri  south  of  Iwanai,  and  at  Ichibishinai  on  the 
southern  part  of  the  Island  of  Ivunashiri  in  the  Chishima  group. 


10. — Fish. 

Bounded  as  these  islands  are  by  the  sea,  hundreds  of  fishermen 
find  plenty  of  employment  for  many  months  in  the  year,  and  are 
well  paid  for  their  labour;  for  besides  those  fish  used  for  general 
consumption  in  Japan,  having  the  Chinese  coast  so  near  at  hand, 
there  is  always  a ready  market  to  be  found  for  dried  fish  of  every 
description  as  well  as  for  sea- weed.  The  chief  products  of  the 
waters  immediately  around  Hokkaido  are,  herrings,  salmon, 
salmon-trout,  cod-fish,  tunny,  skate,  gurnard,  sardines,  flounders, 
cuttle-fish,  sharks,  sturgeon,  sea-ear,  oysters,  scallops,  crabs,  and 
sea-weed.  The  total  value  for  the  year  1890  was  yen  7,964,669. 
The  herrings  and  sardines  are  caught  chiefly  for  the  sake  of  the 
oil  and  guano  they  yield.  The  salmon,  trout,  cod-fish  and  others 
are  dried  for  export,  as  are  the  shark-fins,  which  are  considered 
a great  delicacy  by  the  Chinese. 

14. — Commercial  Importance  of  Hokkaido. 

This  brief  outline  of  Hokkaido  and  short  enumeration  of  its 
principal  products  are  fully  sufficient  to  show  its  wealth  and  prove 


( 12  ) 


its  paramount  importance  to  the  rest  of  the  Japanese  Empire. 
Not  only  so,  but  the  industries  now  already  actually  entered  upon, 
and  the  rapid  immigrations  now  taking  place  show  clearly  that  the 
Japanese  people  are  fully  alive  to  its  importance.  Indeed, 
Hokkaido,  situated  as  it  is  in  close  proximity  to  Russia  and 
China,  must  in  future  rise  to  still  higher  importance,  and  nothing 
will  serve  to  stimulate  the  Japanese  to  the  internal  development 
of  these  islands  than  the  trade  to  be  looked  for  when  the  Siberian 
railway  shall  have  become  an  accomplished  fact,  or  when  the 
steam-ships  begin  to  run  direct  from  America  through  the  Strait 
of  Tsugaru,  (thus  bringing  them  within  four  hours  of  Hakodate), 
to  Shanghai,  should  that  route  ever  be  taken.  Altogether  we  are 
disposed  to  look  upon  Hokkaido  with  all  its  resources  as  having 
a great  and  prosperous  future  before  it. 


SECTION  II. 


THE  ITINERARY. 

i . — Communication. 

Rapid  and  safe  communication  between  Hokkaido  and  the 
United  States  and  Canada  as  well  as  Europe  by  first  class  Mail 
Steamers  is  now  thoroughly  established ; and  the  facilities  for 
getting  to  these  islands  are  of  much  comfort  and  advantage  to 
fore'gn  tourists  who  are  desirous  of  paying  flying  visits  to  this 
hitherto  almost  unexplored  region.  It  is  now  merely  a matter 
of  getting  on  board  a Mail-ship  at  San  Francisco,  Vancouver, 
Hongkong  or  Shanghai,  and  steaming  right  away  to  Nagasaki, 
Kobe  or  Yokohama,  and  by  changing  steamers  at  either  of  these 
places  on  to  Hakodate  or  Otaru  in  Yezo.  Should,  however,  a 
traveller  desire  to  go  to  Nemuro  or  Chishima,  he  must  either  make 
another  change  at  Hakodate  or  go  overland  from  that  port,  or 
Satporo,  to  Nemuro,  and  there  take  a steamer  on.  Or  if  a land 
journey  from  any  of  the  principal  ports  of  Japan  proper  be 
preferred,  railways  will  be  found  to  connect  Nagasaki  and  Kobe 
with  Tokyo,  and  thence  one  may  go  right  up  the  Main-land  to 
Aomori  in  the  Province  of  Mutsu.  Mail  steamers  of  the  Nippon 
Yusen  Kaisha  take  passengers  thence  across  the  Tsugaru  Strait,  a 
distance  of  fifty-nine  miles,  to  Hakodate.  A journey  to  Yezo  is 
therefore  no  longer  the  tedious,  difficult  and  perhaps  hazardous 
undertaking  that  it  was  a very  few  years  ago. 

Once  arrived  in  Hokkaido,  the  journey  to  the  different  districts 
is  easy  and  communication  with  the  outer  world  quick  and  assured. 
Roads  and  the  telegraph  now  run  almost  round  the  entire  island 
of  Yezo,  and  the  Post  Office  service,  which  is  wonderfully  well 
developed,  reaches  every  village.  The  foreign  residents  therefore 
of  this  part  of  the  globe  and  all  visitors  who  come  here,  are,  by 
telegram,  within  one  day  of  every  other  civilized  part  of  the  world, 
and  within  less  than  six  weeks  of  New  York  or  London  by  Mail. 
So  rapidly  and  effectually  has  the  Communication  Department 
of  Hokkaido  worked. 


( 14  ) 


2. — The  Ainus. 

The  great  attraction  in  Hokkaido  to  those  who  travel  for 
pleasure  and  education  combined,  letting  alone  the  peculiarly 
wierd  and  wild  scenery  and  the  pleasures  afforded  to  the  sportsman, 
is  in  the  Ainu  race,  or  Aborigines  of  Japan,  who,  it  appears,  are 
gradually  becoming  extinct.  Though  this  peculiar  race  of  people 
was  once  very  nurmerous  and  formerly  inhabited  the  whole  of 
Japan  proper,  they  now  number,  as  has  been  previously  remarked, 
no  more  than  16,765  persons,  and  th.se  are  decreasing.  Visitors 
to  Japan  should  surely  see  something  of  them  if  possible.  In  a 
very  few  years  they  will,  in  all  probability,  become  quite  extinct, 
or  at  all  events  become  so  amalgamated  with  the  immigrants  as  to 
become  indistinguishable  from  the  Japanese.  Hokkaido  is  the 
only  place  in  the  world  where  they  can  be  seen  untainted  by 
European  influence,  for  those  who  live  in  Russian  Territory  have 
now  become  quite  Russianized.  Here  in  Hokkaido  may  be  seen 
the  oldest  and  newest  peoples  of  this  Ancient  Empire  side  by 
side,  two  distinct  and  very  different  races,  the  one  superseding 
the  other; — intelligence,  fore-thought,  and  energetic  enterprise 
triumphing  over  ignorance,  improvidence,  and  inaction.  Here 
one  may  actually  see  that  process  of  the  gradual  extinction  of  the 
Ainus  and  the  appropriation  of  their  land  which  has  been  going 
on  for  years;  not  indeed  by  cruelty  and  slaughter  or  owing  to 
unfeeling  wantonness,  but  simply  because  the  Ainus  have  not  the 
self-reliance  and  steady  energy  by  which  they  could,  if  they  chose, 
work  and  live  happily  side  by  side  with  the  Japanese.  But  the 
race,  simple,  kind,  truthful  and  child-like  as  we  have  found  it, 
seems  destined  to  pass  away  in  a few  years.  Something  it  is  hoped 
will  be  done  for  these  poor  people  in  the  future.  The  Japanese 
are  now  waking  up  to  their  duty  towards,  and  responsibility  with 
regard  to  the  Ainus  and  a society  has  been  established  which  has 
for  its  object  the  “ rescue  ” of  the  race.  It  remains  to  be  seen 
what  will  be  done  by  this  Society.  Those  people  who  desire  to 
see  the  Ainus  in  their  own  homes  can  do  so  by  going  to  Usu  in 
Volcano  Bay  from  Hakodate,  or  by  visiting  Chitose  from  Satporo. 
But  a far  better  idea  of  them  may  be  had  by  allowing  one’s  self  a 
little  more  time  and  going  to  Piratoru  in  the  Province  of  Hidaka. 


MALE  AND  FEMALE  AINUS  OF  YEZO  ISLAND. 


( ^5  ) 


This  is  the  old  Ainu  capital  and  is  a most  typical  village;  it  is 
surrounded  by  the  most  lovely  scenery. 

3. — Sport. 

(#)  Fishing. 

Sportsmen  visiting  Hokkaido  will  not  expect  to  find  the  rivers 
so  full  of  fish  as  to  be  able  to  ford  them  dry-shod  by  walking  upon 
the  backs  of  salmon-trout,  nor  will  they  suppose  that  every  time 
they  go  fishing  it  will  be  necessary  to  take  a rifle  in  order  to  keep 
off  the  bears.  Things  are  not  after  this  fashion  in  Hokkaidd. 
The  sportsman  is  not  invariably  successful.  Several  persons  have 
been  disappointed  in  game,  having  come  either  at  the  wrong 
season  or  not  happened  to  hit  upon  the  right  spot.  As  a case  in 
point,  the  present  writer  well  remembers  a gentleman  staying 
with  him  several  days  in  the  hopes  of  getting  a few  trout.  But  he 
was  disappointed,  for,  with  the  exception  of  a few  very  small  fish, 
he  caught  nothing.  Yet  within  two  hours  after  Ire  left  us  the 
salmon  entered  the  river  in  thousands,  and  by  night  the  Ainus 
had  taken  hundreds.  This  happened  at  Porobets  at  the  very 
beginning  of  June.  The  best  time  for  trout  fishing  in  Yezo  is 
June-July,  and  the  rivers  in  which  the  fish  abound  at  that  season 
are,  Yurap,  Osamambe,  and  Usu  in  Volcano  Bay;  in  Porobets, 
Slrikiw,  Saru,  and  Kushiro  on  the  East  coast;  in  almost  all  the 
streams  along  the  Northern  coasts,  and  in  the  Ishikari  and  Shiri- 
betsu  on  the  West. 

In  peaking  on  thi;  subject,  Murry’s  Hand-book  says,  “There 
are  two  classes  of  sporting  fish, — the  Shake,  or  Salmon  as  known 
in  Europe,  and  the  Masu  (Salmon  Japonicus).  The  Shake  is  a 
full-sized  salmon,  and  ascends  the  rivers  in  great  quantities  during 
the  autumn  and  early  winter.  All  the  northern  rivers  hold  the 
fish,  which  in  Yezo  are  so  plentiful  that  they  fall  an  easy  prey  to 
crows  and  bears.  Many  salmon  must  weigh  as  much  as  30  lbs. 
when  caught ; but  they  afford  no  sport  to  the  angler,  since  like 
salmon  in  other  Pacific  waters,  they  neither  rise  to  a fly  nor  run 
to  a spinning  bait. 

“ Of  the  Masu,  there  are  several  varities;  but  they  are  all  of  the 
trout  description,  and  they  are  all  sporting  fish.  The  true  Masu 


( i6  ) 


runs  up  the  rivers  from  May  to  August,  their  ascent  depending 
on  the  temperature  of  the  water.  Between  50°  and  65°  the  fish 
are  in  the  best  condition.  Below  50°  they  are  not  taken.  An 
8 lb.  fish  is  a large  one,  the  usual  size  being  5 lb.  or  6 lb. 


4. — Sport. 

(h)  Shooting. 

The  time  for  shooting  bears  is  the  early  spring  and  late  autumn, 
but  as  to  the  best  localities  for  bagging  the  animals  it  is  better  to 
take  the  advice  of  Ainu  hunters  on  the  spot,  who  know  their 
haunts.  In  short,  no  one  should  go  bear  hunting  without  an  Ainu 
guide.  It  will  not  always  be  found  necessary  to  go  off  the  beaten 
track  in  order  to  get  a bear,  for  in  the  spring  of  1892  the  writer 
knew  of  six  large  animals  being  shot  guite  close  to  Ainu  villages; 
two  at  Nupari-bets  and  four  at  Shiraoi  along  the  highway  to 
Satporo  upon  the  South  East  coast  of  Yezo.  They  may  also  be 
found  in  great  numbers  at  Etorop  and  Kunashiri  in  the  Chishima 
group.  Along  the  line  from  Satporo  to  Poronai,  bear-tracks  have 
been  often  seen.  There  is  however  one  serious  drawback  to 
shooting  at  all  in  Hokkaido,  and  that  is  the  license.  A Passport 
does  not  give  permission  to  shoot  even  bears,  and  a shooting 
license  does  not  extend  beyond  treaty  limits,  a distance  of  twenty- 
five  miles  around  Hakodate,  that  being  as  yet  the  only  open  port 
in  Hokkaido.  Those  visitors  to  these  islands  who  desire  to  shoot 
outside  of  treaty  limits  should,  to  avoid  any  unpleasantness,  apply 
for  permission  at  the  Government  Offices.  Here  we  will  also 
remark,  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  travel  for  information,  that 
the  writer  is  sure  the  foreign  residents  of  Hakodate,  Satporo 
or  Nemuro  will  always  be  found  ready  to  supply  any  information 
they  can  to  the  enquirer.  Not  only  so  but  the  writer  has  himself 
always  found  the  Government  officers  most  courteous  and  willing 
to  give  any  information  they  may  be  able  to  on  every  subject 
connected  with  Hokkaido,  its  administration,  people,  and  other 
topics  of  general  interest. 


( *7  ) 


5- — Out- fit. 

(a)  Clothing. 

The  out-fit  one  requires  in  visiting  this  part  of  Japan  is  sub- 
stantially the  same  as  that  required  for  any  other  part  of  the 
Empire  excepting  that  for  winter  wear, — the  warmer  one’s  clothing 
the  better.  A sheet  and  air  pillow  for  night  use  will  be  found  a 
great  comfort.  And,  if  one  desires  to  get  off  the  general  beaten 
track  and  visit  the  Ainus,  a mosquito  net  will  be  found  necessary, 
as  flies  of  various  descriptions  dwell  here  in  great  numbers.  Flea- 
powder  is  quite  a necessity,  for  fleas,  of  which  there  are  millions, 
seem  to  have  a special  liking  for  American  and  European  blood  ; 
a piece  or  two  of  soap  or  a few  pieces  of  soap-paper,  and  two  or 
three  packets  of  candles  should  be  brought ; but  do  not  forget 
pen,  paper,  and  ink,  and  a good  book  or  two  in  case  of  a rainy 
day.  Above  all  things  do  not  leave  your  towel  behind,  as  those 
given  by  the  Japanese  at  the  inns  are  usually  wet  and  are  not  much 
larger  than  an  ordinary  pocket-handkerchief.  Those  who  desire  to 
ride  should  provide  themselves  with  a saddle  and  a pair  of  riding 
breeches. 

6. — Outfit. 

( b ) Food. 

Fairly  good  Japanese  food  is  served  at  most  of  the  inns  one 
has  to  put  up  at,  but  as  with  the  exception  of  a few  places  bread 
and  beef  cannot  be  obtained  (and  even  rice,  eggs  or  fish  cannot 
always  be  had  in  Ainu  villages),  it  is  advisable  to  bring  a few  tins 
of  biscuits,  a pot  of  Liebig,  and  a little  canned  beef.  Of  course 
tea  or  coffee  will  not  be  forgotten.  The  writer  has  sometimes 
found  Moore’s  Chocolate  and  a piece  of  bacon  a great  standby 
when  spending  a few  months  among  the  Ainus.  However, 
provisions  of  every  description,  including  fresh  milk  and  eggs,  can 
be  purchased  both  at  Flakodate  and  Satporo,  and  sometimes  at 
Kushiro,  Akkesh,  Nemoro,  Otaru  and  Esashi.  A knife,  fork  and 
spoon,  and  a cork-screw  will  also  be  found  useful.  A good 
clasp-knife  and  a ball  of  twine,  a spare  button  or  two  and  needle 
and  thread  may  come  in  handy  sometimes,  especially  if  one 
intends  to  spends  any  length  of  time  in  the  mountains  or  among 
the  Ainu. 


( i8  ) 


7. — How  to  Spend  a Fortnight  in  Yezo. 

I.  Hakodate. 

We  will  suppose  the  place  of  landing  to  have  been  Hakodate, 
There  is  no  foreign  hotel  here,  but  good  Japanese  accommodation 
can  be  had  at  either  of  the  inns  named,  Kakujo  or  Chigai-San  gi 
close  to  the  landing-place.  The  traveller  would  find  it  a great 
help  were  he  to  call  upon  any  of  the  foreign  residents  at  this  port, 
of  whom  there  are  eight  families,  and  make  enquiries  of  them  as  to 
Hakodate,  its  environments  and  accommodation.  Most  visitors 
who  come  to  this  town  are  struck  with  the  resemblance  of 
“ Hakodate  Head  ” to  the  Rock  of  Gibralter.  The  “ Head  ” is 
simply  a single  mountain  mass  rising  some  1150  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  situated  at  the  extreme  end  of  a narrow  neck 
of  land.  The  town  is  built  at  the  foot  of  the  northern  slope  and 
stretches  out  to  the  sandy  plains  beyond  to  the  eastward.  It  has 
some  fine  looking  buildings,  as  for  example,  the  Postal-Telegraph 
offices,  Town  club,  Mercantile  School,  Hospital,  etc.  The 
principal  stores  are,  Kane-mori ; Ima-ichi ; Katie-nee  and  Yama- 
san.  Good  water  has  been  laid  on  from  Akagawa,  distant  about 
seven  miles.  There  is  regular  communication  by  sea  three  times 
a week  with  Kobe,  Yokohama,  and  Otaru,  and  a daily  Mail 
service  between  Aomori  and  Hakodate.  By  crossing  the  Strait 
to  the  former  place  one  may  reach  Tokyo  in  about  thirty  hours. 

The  traveller  should  spend  at  least  half-a-day  in  visiting  the 
Public  Gardens,  Museum,  and  the  beautiful  dell  of  Yachigachira,  all 
of  which  lie  on  the  eastern  outskirts  of  the  town.  In  the  Museum 
a small  collection  of  Ainu  utensils  and  implements  and  some 
flint  spear  and  arrow-heads,  etc.,  relics  of  the  stone  age  of  Japan, 
may  be  seen,  also  an  interesting  collection  of  Yezo  birds  presented 
by  the  late  Captain  Blakiston.  These  latter,  however,  must  be 
called  for,  for  as  a rule  they  are  kept  shut  up  in  drawers  to  preserve 
them ; but  they  may  always  be  seen  if  asked  for. 

Hakodate  Mountain  should  certainly  be  climbed.  Forty 
minutes  steady  walking  will  easily  bring  one  to  its  summit,  where 
the  view  to  be  obtained  is  both  extensive  and  picturesque.  There 
are  good  paths  running  along  the  tops  of  all  the  ridges  from 


( T9  ) 


which  several  good  bird’s-eye  views  of  the  town  and  harbour  may 
be  obtained.  Looking  across  the  bay  to  the  north-ward,  the 
distant  mountains,  clothed  as  they  are  from  the  top  down  to  the 
foot  with  vegetation,  and  having  the  bare  grey  peak  of  the  Volcano 
Koma-ga-takc  well  exposed  above  them  in  the  back-ground,  the 
view  is  really  charming.  Turning  towards  the  south-west  and 
south,  the  extreme  northern  part  of  the  Mainland  of  Japan  is  to 
be  seen.  The  very  “tit-bits”  of  scenery,  however,  are  those  to 
be  had  by  walking  up  the  valley  in  the  hill  to  a place  called 
Mizu-moto  and  there  branching  off  sharply  to  the  left.  By  so 
doing  and  following  the  path  there  to  be  found  to  the  end  of  the 
point,  and  thence  round  to  the  eastern  part  of  this  particular 
ridge,  the  views  obtained  will  be  very  pleasing  indeed. 

II.  The  Lakes  and  Koma-ga-take. 

Having  spent  two  days  in  and  about  Hakodate,  the  visitor 
should  proceed  thence  to  the  lakes  of  Junsai-imma ,*  situated  two 
ri  from  the  foot  of  the  volcano  called  Koma-ga-take.  Carriages 
to  this  place,  or  saddle-horses  if  desirable,  may  be  obtained  at 
Hakodate ; the  distance  is  seventeen  miles.  There  are  two  hotels 
here  but  the  one  farthest  from  Hakodate  is  by  far  the  best.  It  is 
called  Maru-san.  We  should  advise  those  who  intend  to  go  this 
way  to  Satporo  to  take  saddle-horses  through  to  Mori,  keeping 
them  a night  at  the  lakes,  for  they  would  be  found  most  useful  in 
ascending  the  volcano.  By  leaving  Hakodate  at  seven  in  the 
morning  Junsai-numa  will  be  reached  by  one  o’clock.  After 
luncheon  a walk  of  ten  minutes  will  bring  one  to  the  larger  lake 
of  tire  two  and  a very  pleasant  twro  or  three  hours  may  be  spent 
in  walking  about  its  borders.  The  hotel  is  situated  upon  the 
edge  of  the  smaller  lake.  The  shores  of  the  lakes  are,  as  Murray 
truly  remarks,  “covered  with  luxuriant  vegetation,  while  the 
islets  furnish  objective  points  for  those  who  may  wish  to  go 
out  boating.  The  lake  fish  can  be  taken  witlr  a worm,  but  will 
not  rise  to  a fly.” 

Early  the  next  morning  the  horses  may  be  saddled  and  ridden 
about  half  way  up  the  volcano  where  they  should  be  left  in  charge 

* Junsai-numa  takes  its  name  from  the  lily  (Limnanthemum  pettatum)  which  grows, 
there,  and  which  is  used  as  an  article  of  food. 


( 20  ) 


of  an  attendant.  From  here  the  journey  to  the  crater  is  about 
half  an  hour’s  walk.  By  leaving  the  hotel  at  six  in  the  morning 
one  may  be  back  again  very  comfortably  by  twelve;  at  three  or 
four  o’clock  the  traveller  may  set  out  for  Mori  and  there  give  up 
the  horses.  As,  however,  Mori  is  a most  uninteresting  place  we 
advise  spending  one  more  night  at  the  lakes.  Then  by  leaving 
the  following  morning  at  seven,  one  may  be  at  Mori  in  ample 
time  to  catch  the  steamer  for  Moruran,  which  leaves  Mori  at  one 
o’clock.  The  best  inn  at  Mori  is  Yamaha,  and  the  best  at 
Moruran  is  Maru-ichi. 

III.  Moruran  to  Piratoru. 

According  to  the  proposed  plan,  the  evening  of  the  fifth  day 
will  find  the  tourist  at  Moruran,  34  ri  by  road  from  Satporo. 
The  steamer  from  Mori  arrives  here  at  about  4.30  o’clock. 
Moruran  is  a small  town  situated  on  a beautiful  but  small  land- 
locked harbour  on  the  eastern  side  of  which  is  the  terminus  of 
the  Satporo-Iwamizawa-Moruran  railway.  On  the  morning  after 
arriving  at  Moruran  a small  open  boat  may  be  taken  across 
the  bay  to  the  railway  station  at  Itotsukerep  and  a ticket  there 
procured  for  Tomakomai,  distant  40  miles. 

The  line  runs  along  the  sea  coast  and  passes  through  the 
villages  of  Washibets,  Porobets  and  Shiraoi  to  Tomakomai,  at 
which  place  the  train  arrives  at  ten  o’clock.  As  the  course  of  the 
railway  is  over  quite  level  land,  there  is  very  little  scenery  of 
interest  to  be  seen.  At  a place  called  Eampok,  however,  there  is 
a tunnel  800  feet  long,  and  a ri  further  on  at  Ayero,  another  2,000 
feet.  At  Tomakomai  the  Tourist  should  have  his  baggage  taken 
to  the  inn  named  Kane-su,  which  is  the  best  in  the  place.  But 
beware  of  the  water  here,  for  it  is  not  good.  Immediately  upon 
arrival  horses  should  be  hired  for  Yubutsu,  distant  3 ri.  But  all 
luggage  not  required  for  three  or  four  days  may  be  left  at 
Tomakomai  till  the  return  from  Piratoru.  Flaving  arrived  at 
Yubutsu  fresh  horses  should  be  immediately  ordered  for  Sarubutu, 
and  luncheon  can  be  taken  while  they  are  being  caught  and 
saddled,  which  will  probably  take  about  an  hour.  The  charge 
for  a horse  varies  from  seven  to  nine  sen  a ri  in  the  summer 


( 21  ) 


according  to  the  nature  of  the  ground;  it  is  always  more  among 
the  mountains  than  on  the  plains.  By  ordering  the  horses  quickly, 
Sarubutu,  nearly  6 ri  from  Yubutsu,  will  be  reached  by  seven 
o’clock.  Sarubutu  is  a small  village  lying  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Saru  river;  there  is  no  choice  of  inns  there,  all  being  equally 
bad,  one  cannot  therefore  go  to  the  wrong  one.  Be  particularly 
careful  of  the  water  here : it  is  a great  place  for  ague.  Before 
retiring  for  the  night  do  not  forget  to  order  horses  for  Piratoru 
and  back.  The  distance  is  4 ri ; an  attendant  is  always  sent  to 
take  charge  of  the  horses  but  nothing  extra  is  paid  for  his  services. 
The  journey  should  be  commenced  by  seven,  so  that  a good  long 
time  for  rest  and  observation  may  be  had  at  Piratoru.  On  arrival 
Chief  Penri  should  be  enquired  after,  as  he  knows  how  to  cater 
for  foreigners,  having  had  much  experience  in  this  line.  But  one 
must  be  careful  with  him  or  he  will  get  thoroughly  intoxicated 
before  anything  has  been  seen  of  the  place.  The  scenery  about 
Piratoru  is  exquisitely  grand,  and  the  village  itself  prettily  laid 
out.  It  is  well  worth  a visit,  and  is  quite  a typical  Ainu  town. 
If  asked,  Penri  will  take  the  visitor  to  see  the  Japanese  shrine  of 
Yoshitsune,  the  hero  who  fled  to  Yezo  from  Japan  in  ancient 
times,  and  who  is  said  to  have  taught  the  Ainus  many  useful 
things. 

IV.  Piratoru  to  Satporo. 

After  having  leisurely  looked  about  Piratoru,  which  by  the  by, 
has  only  thirty-two  huts  in  it,  the  horses  can  be  resaddled  and  the 
return  journey  to  Sarubutu  commenced.  Horses  should  again  be 
ordered  over-night  to  Yubutsu  and  thence  to  Tomakomai.  By 
setting  out  at  eight  this  place  may  be  reached  soon  after  noon, 
the  distance  being  nine  ri.  As  this  will  probably  be  too  late  for 
the  train  to  Satporo,  nothing  remains  for  it  but  to  spend  the  night 
here  and  go  on  in  the  morning.  It  should  have  been  mentioned 
that  there  are  two  Piratorus,  but  the  tourist  should  be  careful  to 
go  to  the  Piratoru  in  which  Penri  lives ; this  is  abomt  half  a mile 
beyond  the  first. 

The  distance  by  rail  from  Tomakomai  to  Satporo  is  67  miles, 
the  line  through  from  Itotsukerep  being  altogether  107  miles* 
From  Tomakomai  the  track  changes  its  course  to  almost  due  north 


( 22  ) 


and  so  on  to  Iwamizawa,  at  which  place  the  passenger  must  change 
carriages  for  Satporo.  The  scenery  along  the  line  cannot  be  said 
to  be  grand,  for  the  greater  part  of  it  lies  through  thickly  wooded 
plain,  and  in  some  places  swampy  country  is  traversed.  But 
Satporo  has  to  be  reached,  and  this  is  the  quickest  and  prettiest  way 
of  getting  there.  Between  Iwamizawa  and  Satporo  the  scenery 
becomes  more  interesting  and  one  very  pretty  view  of  the  Ishkari 
river  is  to  be  had  from  the  car  windows. 


5. — Satporo. 

On  arriving  at  Satporo  the  traveller  will  find  the  Hohei-kwan , 
which  was  originally  built  for  the  Imperial  Residence,  the  best 
hotel.  Everything  here  is  on  the  American  style  and  the  charge 
is  $3  a day,  but  special  arrangements  may  be  made  if  desirable. 
The  best  Japanese  inns  are  Yoshida  and  Yamcigata-ya,  and  the 
charges  they  make  are  usually  $1  a day;  for  this  very  good 
semi-foreign  food  is  provided.  This  city,  which  is  the  Capital  of 
Hokkaido,  did  not,  as  Murray  truly  remarks,  “ grow  up  naturally 
like  Matsumae  in  old  times  and  Elakodate  in  more  recent  day  , in 
obedience  to  the  requirements  of  trade.  It  was  created  by  official 
fiat  during  the  present  reign,  and  depends  for  its  prosperity  chiefly 
on  the  public  institutions  established  there,  notably  on  the 
Agricultural  College,  which  is  the  last  remnant  of  the  Kaitakushi,  or 
Colonization  Commission,  and  on  the  Military  Colony  (Tonden- 
liei)  in  the  neighbouring  country.  These  remarks  refer  more  to 
the  past  than  to  the  present,  for  Satporo  is  now  more  dependen. 
upon  its  own  exertions  than  upon  the  help  of  the  Governmentt 
The  Capitol  is  a large  and  imposing  red  brick  building  built  in 
European  style,  and  is  equal  to  anything  of  the  kind  in  Tokyo. 
There  is  a silk,  hemp,  flax,  and  a sugar  factory;  also  a saw-mill, 
flour-mill,  brewery,  and  an  extablishment  for  making  wine  and 
brandy,  all  belonging  to  private  companies.  The  College  Museum 
and  gardens  are  well  worth  visiting.  Salmon  and  trout  fishing 
may  be  had  in  the  Toyohira  river  which  runs  through  Satporo, 
at  Tsuishikari  five  ri  away,  and  in  a stream  called  Osat-nai  about 
seven  ri  down  the  road  towards  Chitose. 


THE  HOKKAIDO  GOVERNMENT  BUILDING  IN  SAPPORO. 


( 2 3 ) 


The  most  pleasant  walks  near  Satporo  are  : — Round  the  College 
farm,  park,  and  botanical  gardens;  to  a well-kept  horse- farm  at 
Makomanai;  and  to  the  top  of  Maru-yama,  whence  a splendid 
view  of  Satporo  and  the  plain  on  which  it  is  built  can  be  obtained. 
For  longer  excursions  one  may  go  to  Kariki  about  i ri  away  and 
there  take  an  Ainu  canoe  and  go  down  the  stream  to  Tsushikari 
and  up  the  Ishikari  river  a ri  and  a half  to  Ebets.  At  Ebets  the 
train  should  be  taken  for  Satporo.  The  Poronai  coal-mine  may  be 
visited  by  those  who  take  an  interest  in  these  things;  by  leaving 
Satporo  at  seven  by  train,  there  will  be  ample  time  to  look  over 
the  mine  and  return  to  Satporo  the  same  day. 

Should  one  have  time  to  spare,  he  may  hire  a horse  or  Jinrikisha 
to  a place  called  Jozanke,  distant  7 ri,  where  there  are  some  hot 
springs.  Here  also  good  trout  fishing  may  sometimes  be  had  in 
June  and  July.  Some  travellers  have  spent  a day  by  going  to  the 
Chitose  lakes,  7 ri  away,  but  the  mosquitoes  and  gadflies  are  such 
a terrible  nuisance  that  the  writer  cannot  conscientiously  advise 
the  trip,  for  these  pests  render  all  enjoyment  of  the  beauties  of 
nature  quite  out  of  the  question. 

H aving  spent  three  days  about  Satporo  we  should  advise  the 
traveller  to  leave  by  rail  for  Otaru,  distance  22  miles,  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  fourth,  ready  to  take  tire  steamer  for  Hakodate, 
Yokohama  or  Kobe  at  noon  the  following  day;  the  voyage  to 
Hakodate  takes  18  hours.  Otaru  is  a growing  place  and  very 
busy,  being  the  terminus  of  the  Poronai  railway.  The  best  hotels 
are  Itchu-ya  and  Kito . At  Temiya,  which  lies  at  the  extreme  end 
of  Otaru,  there  is  a small  cave  on  the  back  of  which  there  are  a 
few  curious  characters  which,  because  none  has  yet  succeded  in 
deciphering  them,  have  been  thought  by  some  to  be  simple 
nonsense.  What  the  inscriptions  really  are  no  one  seems  to  know. 
In  all  probability  they  are  the  work  of  ancient  Ainus  and  may 
some  day  be  understood. 

We  have  now  come  to  the  end  of  the  fort-night  we  proposed  to 
spend  in  Yezo,  and  our  time-table  is  as  follows  : — 


Days  spent  at  Hakodate  2 

To  Junsai-numa 1 

Climbing  Koma-ga-take  1 

From  the  lakes  to  Moruran  1 


( 24  ) 


Moruran  to  Sarubutu i 

Sarubutu  to  Piratoru  and  back  i 

From  Sarubutu  to  Tomakomai i 

Tomakomai  to  Satporo x 

Days  spent  about  Satporo  3 

Otaru  1 

Otaru  to  Hakodate  1 

Total  of  days 14 


A P P E N D I X. 


It  must  not  be  supposed  that  there  are  no  other  places  of 
interest  to  be  visited  in  Hokkaido  than  those  briefly  touched  upon 
in  the  foregoing  pages  of  this  little  book.  It  was  not  the  inten- 
tion in  writing  it  to  supply  a general  guide  or  Hand-book  for 
the  whole  of  Hokkaido,  but  to  give  a few  brief  and  useful  hints 
to  any  who  may  pay  a passing  visit  to  this  part  of  the  world. 
However,  for  the  benefit  of  those  travellers  who  have  plenty  of 
leisure,  we  would  mention  the  three  following  places,  which  are 
interesting  localities  to  visit.  Viz  : — Usu,  Noboribetsu  Volcano 
and  Kamikawa. 


Usu. 

The  village  of  Usu  lies  in  Volcano-Bay,  five  English  miles 
distant  from  Mombetsu,  and  is  one  of  the  loveliest  spots  of  the  kind 
in  Hokkaido.  The  village,  which  is  almost  exclusively  Ainu, 
is  situated  upon  the  shores  of  a small,  but  most  beautiful  harbour. 
Should  an  artist  visit  this  place  he  will  find  it  a very  paradise;  the 
bold  rocks  lying  off  the  coast  and  the  exquisite  scevery  around 
him  would  affored  him  great  delight,  and  he  would  find  plenty  of 
employment  for  brush  or  pencil.  The  simplest  way  of  getting  to 
Usu  is  to  take  a small  steamer  from  Mororan  to  Mombetsu. 
Arrived  here  the  traveller  should  put  up  at  the  Inn  known  as 
Abe  Nosz/ke,  and,  as  there  is  no  inn  that  can  be  recommended 
at  Usu  itself,  should  make  this  his  head-quarters.  Horses  should 
be  taken  at  Mombetsu  for  Usu  and  upon  arrival  enquiries  made 
for  the  hut  of  the  Ainu  chief  named  Rikotuk.  The  horses  may 
here  be  handed  over  to  an  attendant  and  Rikotuk  asked  to  act  as 
pilot  about  the  village  and  harbour.  There  are  123  huts  in  this 
district  and  a population  of  470  Ainus. 

About  4 miles  inland  from  the  village  is  the  Usu  volcano,  now 
dormant,  from  the  edge  of  whose  crater  several  extensive  and  beauti- 
ful views  may  be  obtained.  By  following  the  crater  along  towards 


( 26  ) 


the  North  the  traveller  would,  in  an  hour,  arrive  at  the  shores  of  a 
large  and  pretty  lake  said  to  be  crowded  with  trout.  A visit  both 
to  the  village  and  volcano  is  highly  recommended.  There  is  a 
good  path  up  the  mountain  and  horses  can  be  ridden  nearly  to  the 
edge  of  the  lake.  Three  days  at  least  should  be  devoted  to  this 
trip,  though  of  course  it  may  be  done  in  two  with  a rush. 


Noboribetsu  Volcano. 

The  little  hamlet  of  Noboribetsu  is  situated  upon  the  Mororan- 
Iwamizawa  Railway  line  and  is  12  English  miles  distant  from 
Mororan.  The  village  takes  its  name  from  a river,  upon  the 
right-hand  side  of  whose  banks  it  is  situated,  and  which  is  called 
by  the  Ainus  Nupuru-pet , “the  muddy  river.”  This  river  is  so 
named  on  account  of  the  extremely  yellow  colour  of  its  waters- 
caused  by  one  of  its  branches  taking  its  rise  in  the  crater  of  a 
volcano  a,  few  miles  inland.  This  volcano  is  of  a very  peculiar 
and  interesting  formation,  having  two  craters,  an  upper  and  a 
lower,  from  both  of  which  boiling  water,  highly  pregnated  with 
sulpher,  flows  with  great  rapidity.  There  was  formerly  a boiling 
lake  in  the  upper  crater  60  yards  square,  from  the  back  of  which  a 
geyser  threw  up  columns  of  water  every  five  seconds  to  the  height 
of  about  thirty  feet.  Both  lake  and  geyser  have  now  however 
disappeared.  But  in  the  lower  crater  there  are  numerous  small 
geyser-like  ejections  of  boiling  water,  but  these  are  continuous  and 
not  intermittent.  This  volcano  is  well  worth  a visit,  though  the 
noise  caused  by  the  steam  issuing  from  the  various  fissures  in  the 
crater  is  likely  to  cause  one  to  feel  a sort  of  uncanny  sensation. 
About  200  yards  below  the  crater  there  are  some  hot  baths  famous 
both  among  Ainus  and  Japanese  for  their  medicinal  properties. 
The  volcano  is  only  5 English  miles  from  the  railway-station,  so 
the  journey  is  easily  accomplished  in  one  day.  Intending  visitors 
should  procure  horses  at  Noboribetsu  for  this  trip  as  the  river  has 
to  be  forded  before  reaching  tire  volcano.  It  would  be  more 
prudent  to  return  to  Noboribetsu  to  spend  the  night  than  to  stay 
at  the  volcano. 


( 27  ) 


Kamikawa. 

In  the  year  1890  it  was  determined  by  the  Authorities  to  build 
a Northern  Palace  for  the  Emperor  in  the  extensive  and  fertile 
plain  of  Kamikawa,  91  English  miles  distant  from  Satporo,  and 
situated  in  the  centre  of  the  Island  of  Yezo.  Since  that  time 
things  have  progressed  slowly  but  surely  and  though  the  Palace 
itself  has  not  yet  been  commenced  a goodly  number  of  houses  and 
offices  have  been  built.  Kamikawa,  which  is  to  be  the  name  of 
the  new  city,  will  take  the  place  of  Satporo  as  the  Official  Capital 
of  Hokkaido,  and  will  be  the  railway  centre  for  this  Island. 
Though  the  line  only  reaches  to  Sorachi-buto  at  present,  a distance 
of  51  miles  from  Satporo,  thus  leaving  40  miles  to  be  traversed  by 
road,  there  is  a good  deal  of  business  already  springing  up  in  the 
place.  When  the  line  has  been  completed  to  the  new  Capital 
this  will  be  found  to  be  a place  well  worth  visiting,  for  the  scenery 
along  the  Ishikari  river  and  the  views  from  the  surrounding 
mountains  are  said  to  be  particularly  fine. 

Hakodate. 

Before  finally  laying  down  my  pen  I have  been  asked  to  add 
one  word  more  about  Hakodate.  Though  Satporo  is  at  present 
the  official  capital  of  Hokkaido,  and  this  place  has  at  length  been 
ordered  to  retire  in  favour  of  Kamikawa,  yet  the  fact  cannot  be 
overlooked  that  Hakodate  is  the  natural  capital  of  this  part  of  the 
Emperor’s  dominions.  Its  easy  access  and  geographical  position 
render  it  so.  History  shows  that  it  has  grown  into  existence  and 
importance  as  circumstances  urged  it.  It  has  never  required  to  be 
forced,  like  some  exotic  plant,  to  make  it  grow.  Matsumae  of 
old  could  not  have  existed  without  it,  and  the  land  around  the 
shores  of  the  Hakodate  Bay  was  the  first  in  Yezo  ever  cultivated 
by  the  Japanese. 

The  town,  with  its  60,000  inhabitants  is  situated  on  the  southern- 
most shores  of  Yezo  and  is  in  close  proximity  with  the  Main  Island 
of  Japan,  and  within  easy  reach  of  the  great  rice-growing  and 
silk-raising  centres  of  Sendai  and  the  districts  immediately  around 
that  Province.  It  has  one  of  the  finest  harbours  in  the  Empire 


( 28  ) 


and  certainly  the  best  in  Hokkaido.  Its  waters  are  deep  and  the 
anchorage  all  that  can  be  desired.  The  British  and  other  fleets 
find  the  harbour  a pleasant  refuge,  during  the  summer  months, 
from  the  great  heat  of  Hongkong,  Shanghai,  Nagasaki,  Kobe  and 
Yokohama. 

Of  so  much  importance,  indeed,  is  Hakodate  considered  to  be, 
that  its  merchants  contemplate  building  a wharf  for  the  shipping 
and  constructing  a railway  line  via  Mori  to  Moruran  in  order 
to  bring  down  Poronai,  Sorachi  and  Yubari  coals  for  the  steam- 
ships frequenting  these  waters.  The  estimated  price  for  the  coal 
per  ton  is  four  and  a half  Japanese  yen. 

And  again,  it  should  be  remembered  that  Hakodate  is  on  the 
Tsugaru  Strait  which  connects  the  Japan  Sea  with  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  It  is  thought  that  should  there  be  a plentiful  supply 
of  coals  always  obtainable  at  Hakodate,  ships  running  between 
Hongkong  and  Vancouver  will  call  here  to  coal.  That  Hakodate 
is,  commercially  speaking,  a very  important  place  in  Hokkaido 
cannot  in  fairness  be  denied.  The  imports  and  exports  at  this 
place  amounted  to  nearly  2,000,000  of  yen  in  the  year  1891. 


THE  HARBOUR  AND  TOWN  OF  HAKODATE 


SUMMARY  OF  INFORMATION  CONCERNING 
HAKODATE,  HOKKAIDO,  NIPPON. 


Longitude  East  of  Greenwich  140°.  44'.  24 

North  Latitude 410.  46'.  30 

Temperature  (i7.)  8°. 25 

Number  of  Houses  12,734 

Population  57,943 

Area  of  the  Harbour  (acres)  1,858 

Government  Buildings  8 

English  Consulate  1 

Chinese  Consulate  1 

Hospitals 8 

Physicians  87 

Commercial  School 1 

Mercantile  Marine  School 1 

Primary  Schools  18 

Pupils  4,266 

Various  Kinds  of  Schools  10 

Pupils  600 

American,  English,  French  and  Russian  Missionary 

Schools  4 

Pupils  400 

Buddhist  Temples  13 

Catholic,  Greek,  and  Protestant  Churches 4 

National  Banks  4 

Commercial  Companies  5 

Steamship  Companies 5 

Newspapers 3 

Number  of  Ships  (departures)  1891  4,890 

Tonnage  of  Ships  945,642 

Number  of  Ships  (arrivals) “ 4,773 

Tonnage  of  Ships  963,954 


FROM  HAKODATE  TO 


Tokyo  (Capital)  via  Aomori 

Yokohama  

Kobe  via  Yokohama 

Nagasaki  via  Bakwan 

Aomori  

Sapporo  via  Otaru 

Sapporo  via  Mororan  

Nemuro  

Otaru  

San  Francisco  

Shanghai  

Hongkong  

Vladivostock  


Miles. 

H &ea  59  1 e T , 

1 ,,  land  455  i 5 4 

„ sea  529 

,,  „ 876 

831 

59 

by  sea  2 2 1 | 

„ land  22  j 243 

„ sea  22  ) 

' land  in] 

■ „ sea  295 

„ 221 

4,469 

1,220 

1,825 

424 


SUMMARY  OF  INFORMATION  CONCERNING 
HOKKAIDO,  NIPPON. 


Area  of  Hokkaido  ... 

Coast  line  

Number  of  Houses ... 

Population  

Arable  land  

Marine  products 

Agricultural  products 
M ineral  products  .... 
Domestic  Exports  .... 

Domestic  Imports  

Foreign  Exports 
Foreign  Imports 


,sq.  miles  41.396 
» 3,037 

87,346 

429,837 

.acres  2,425.755 
yen  7,964,669 
; ,,  1,239,292 

„ 1,296,598 

8,084,487 
8,5H,I34 
638,709 
217,481 


n KA1TEM0HI 


General  SVIerohasit. 


importer. 


JIo.  104,  ^UYEHI 


ROCHO, 


J* 


AKOD  ATE. 


Cotton,  Silk,  & Woollen  Goods; 

Hats,  Caps,  & Bonnets; 

Shoes,  Boots,  Rain  Coats; 

Alcoholic  Beverages,  &c. 

All  goods  are  imported  direct  by  tlie  Firm. 

PRICES  REASONABLE. 


rriHE  above  mentioned  lias  been  appointed  Agent  at  this 
i port  for  the  “MEIJI  EIRE  INSURANCE  Co.  Ld.,” 
Tokyo,  and  is  authorized  to  accept  Risks  on  Buildings,  Furniture 
and  Merchandise  at  current  rates. 

We  are  read  g to  art  as  Agents  of  Foreign  Factories. 


KANEMORI’S  BRANCH, 

SHIP-CHANMEl, 

No.  4,  Naka  Hamamaehi,  Hakodate. 


J}htnilht  itopc.'j,  (fain  us,  j§lochs,  Anchors  and  ($l(nins, 
1'imh'rns,  || 'iimys,  ftuiutinq  Jjfotcriitls, 
Xulnicutini]  0)ils,  etc. 


DIRECTLY  IMPORTED. 

Look ! Look ! SIGNAL  FIRES.  Look ! Look ! 

MY  OWN  MAKE 

I*RICES  REASONABLE. 


KANEMORI’S  BRANCH, 

STATIONER  k BOOKSELLER, 


NO.  5,  S UYEHTR 0 CH 0,  HAKODATE. 


PAPERS  OF  ALL  KINDS, 

Drawing  & Arithmetical  Instruments,  Books, 
Published  at  Home  and  Abroad. 


PRESK  SfC'CR  By  EVERY  MRIL. 


Ekaemoris  Branch, 

Dealer  in  Watches  & Jewellery, 


AGENT  OF  Messrs.  J.  COLOMBO  Co.,  YOKOHAMA. 


Watches,  Clocks*  Swiss:  and  ether  make; 

Chains,  Rings,  and  ether  Ornaments ; 

Spectacles,  Telescopes  and  Compasses. 


Large  Stock  on  Hand.  PRICES  ^OPERATE, 


JIo.  7,  jS 


UYEHIROCHO 


, j* 


AKODATE, 


Kanemori’s  Branch  Store,  ^ 

TAJ  LOR  & DBA.  PER;, 


A URGE  DEPOT 


Clothing,  Trowsering,  Lining  Materials,  etc, 
me  hut  nnnoirr 
THE  CHEAPEST  IN  THIS  TOWN. 

All  orders  promptly  executed,  in  the  latest  fashions. 


No.  9,  Suyehirocho,  Hakodate. 


Warehouse  for  the  Public. 


SITUATED  IN  A 

CONVENIENT  POSITION 


FOR 

SHIPPING  AND  LANDING. 

ST  OB  AGE LOWEST  BATES. 


Ho,  0,  Fun  abac  ho,  lijakodate. 


THE  NEW  BRANCH 


OF 


N)©6  49*  S^ehirocho^  Hakodate, 


WHOLESALE  & RETAIL, 

CARPETS,  MATS,  RUGS,  FLOURS  & SUGARS. 
ALL  OUR  STOCK  IS  DIRECTLY  IMPORTED. 
QUALITY,  BEST.  PRICE,  MODERATE. 


M.mm  T&me>te), 

ARTIST  & PHOTOGRAPHER, 

No.  16,  Kaishomachi, 

HAKODATE. 

ALL.  THE  MOST  APPROVED  STYLES  OF 

pij\[£  poprppiTUpB. 

iiiiiiaioRiiaflaflicjaaaiaaiaiaifliiiiaiaus!SiiiisaBiiiiii8iiia 

S ffl  * IB 

W M-  M 

m Tr  A'  T IT  Tfr  f n ® 


fj£  it  % ‘U  f B v w E ft  # 


ESTABLISHED  1878. 


TBHE 


IS  THE  OLDEST  AND 


Most  Reliable  Newspaper  and  has  a very  large 
Circulation  throughout  the  Empire. 

PRINTING  AND  PUBLISHING  OFFICE, 

No.  5,  Tomiokaeho,  Hakodate,  Japan. 

>-*-4 

THE  “HAKODATE  SHIM  BUN”  contains  all  the  Local 
and  Foreign  News,  especially  the  Commercial  Items  and 
Market  Returns,  latest  telegrams,  shipping  intelligence,  corres- 
pondence, advertisements,  etc. 

The  office  is  situated  in  the  fine  harbour  of  Hakodate, 
which  port  commands  the  most  wealthy  an  1 prosperous 
Province  of  Hokkaido,  and  which  perhaps  will  grow  to  be  the 

Future  Commercial  Centre  of  the  World. 

TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION  & ADVERTISEMENT 

The  “Hakodate  Shimbun”  .yen  0.28  per  month. 

,,  ,,  „ „ 3.00  per  annum. 

Published  Daily,  except  on  Mondays  and  Holidays. 

ADVERTISING  RATES 

One  line,  22  words .yen  .04  per  day. 

More  than  three  lines,  each „ .03  H 

POSTAGE  EXTRA. 


Read!  Read!— Read  this 


Read ! 


SnLl  one  n ijo  minis  lo  know  the  shite  off  fjahodale, 
nil  ill  1 is  the  future  (Commercial  (Penhc 
of  the  fforld, 

UPST  Must  read  this  paper  every  day.  READ,  READ,  READ, 


ILnT  O T x C IH] 


MORIKAME,  BUTCHER. 

No.  45>  liigaslii  Hamaeho,  Hakodate,  Japan. 


We  have  for  MANY  YEARS 
fbeen  supplying  ALL  KINDS  of 

FOOD  AND  LIQUORS 

or  SHIP  USE  and  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES.  We  are  the  SOLE 
SUPPLIERS  of  Foreign  Men-of- 
War.  Our  customers  MAY  BE 
SURE  of  getting  invariably  the 


1 


1879-  Tokyo,  1890. 

BREAD,  BISCUITS  AND  CAKES, 

T O TO  DO, 

BAKER  & CONFECTIONER, 

No.  53,  Kaishomachi,  Hakodate,  Japan. 

Alcoholic  Beverages,  Canned  Meats  and  Fruits 

FOR 

SHIP  PROVISIONS. 

BRANCH  STORE, 

HIGASHI  HAMAMACHI,  HAKODATE. 

(LEFT  COEN  EH  HOUSE  FRONTING  THE  WHARF.) 


OUR  BREADS,  etc.,  liave  proved  themselves  to  be  the 
SWEETEST  and  most  EXCELLENT,  because  the 
wants  of  Men-of-war,  Merchantmen  and  Residents  here  are 
always  supplied  by  us  oniy. 


TRADE 


MARK. 


B.  HIRATA  & CO., 

IRON  MERCHANTS  & MACHINISTS. 


F 


o. 


10,  StjYEHIROC 


r 


WE  have  for  many 
years  been  en- 
gaged in  the  IRON 
TRADE,  and  import 
from  the  West  all  IRON 
or  OTHER  METALS 
used  in  building 
constructive  work, 
beg  to  announce  to 
Manufacturers  & Found- 
ers in  the  West  that  we 
shall  at  all  times  be  most 
happy  to  ACT  as  their 
AGENTS,  at  very  mo- 
derate commission  rates. 
It  is  our  policy  to  DEAL 
HONESTLY  with  all 
men. 


HO,  jdAKODATE, 

HOKKAIDO,  JAPAN. 

ip 


We/  f 
Iron  i 


HARDWARE]  > 

mfwm.pt 

m 


Among  our  specialities,  we  may  enumerate  : — 

(1)  IRON  and  STEEL  MATERIAL  for  SHIP  and  BRIDGE  BUILD- 

ING-, etc. 

(2)  ENGINES  of  all  kinds  and  sizes  STEAM  PUMPS,  STEAM- 

ENGINES,  etc. 

(3)  WORKSHOP  MACHINERY. 

(4)  IRON  TUBES;  cast,  copper,  lead  and  brass  tubes,  for  steam,  gas  and 

water-works. 

(5)  TACKS,  RIVETS,  SCREWS  and  NAILS  of  all  kinds. 

(6)  SCALES  and  MEASURE, S. 

(7)  HINGES,  LOCKS,  KEYS  and  every  other  kind  of  iron-work  in 

domestic  or  ornamental  else. 


This  is  an  imperfect  lid,  but  will  convey  an  idea  of  the 
WIDE  SCOPE  OF  OUR  BUSINESS.  Manufacturers,  etc., 
are  requested  to  send  us  their  catalogues  with  a view  of  establish- 
ing an  Agency. 


TRADE  MARK. 

THE  TOKYO  TSUKIJ1  TYPE 

FOUNDRY 


No,  17,  Tsukiji,  Nichome,  Tokyo,  Japan. 

ESTABLiSHED  1868. 


HE  oldest  and  yet  the  most  progressive  of 
TYPE  FOUNDRIES  in 


AND  THE  CHEAPEST 

The  World  Over. 

Comparison  with  the  prices  of  American  and  European  Type 
Foundries  shows  that  our  types  are  actually  cheaper  than  those 
produced  in  the  largest  Foundries  of  the  West.  Our  Works  cover 
an  enormous  space  of  ground,  and  our  Workmen  are  as  skilled  as 
they  are  ready  to  take  hints  from  their  Compeers  in  the  Occident. 
We  can  produce  every  kind  of  printing,  from 

Electrotypy,  Lithography,  Stereography, 
up  to  iAKTOTFpl;, 

COLLOTYPY,  and  SViEZZOTINT. 

w m.  iranre  § 

Our  Sunrise  Land  is  noted  for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery,  for  the 
matchless  perfection  of  snow-clad  Fuji-san  and  the  wonderful 
temples  of  Nikko,  BUX  

nothing  can  exceed  the  perfection,  beauty  and  durability  of  our 
types  ! They  are  iron-clad  and  last  forever.  Chinese,  Japanese, 
Sanskrit,  Greek,  German,  Corean  and  Arabic  fonts,  of  unrivalled 
make  ; Borders  in  Japanese  style,  with  artistic  arrangement  of 
Japan’s  fairest  flowers ; Presses  of  improved  make,  and  all  the 
requisites  of  the  Printer’s  Art. 

For  further  particulars,  catalogues  and  specimen  sheets, 
ADDRESS, 


S.  MAGATA,  Director. 


PORTLAND  CEMENT  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 


TENSILE  STRENGTH 

above  lbs.,  per  sq.  inch. 

PRICE  : — very  cheap, 

PRODUCTS  uniform. 


The  Quality  is  certified  by  Dr.  Wilh.  Michaelis,  of 
Berlin,  and  Many  Other  Authorities. 

HOKKAIDO  CEMENT  Co., 

LIMITED. 

HAKODATE,  JAPAN. 


q-p®  ynj  cp.  c (Tp\  VTj  m 9 Vf-qy  . 

NO.  8,  SUYEHIROCHO,  HAKODATE,  JAPAN. 


IJtitkv  ilt  {rirorei ico,  Jfitolj  anil  ptomuil  jjtoubituub 

WINES  AND  SPIRITS  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

NAVY  CONTRACTORS  AND  COMPRADORS. 


